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The local field potential (LFP) recording was applied to measure low gamma reduction of CA1 in hippocampus after TBI.

The Morris water maze test (MWM), step-down test (SDT), and novel object recognition test (NOR) were applied to evaluate the cognitive ability. In this study, we aimed to explore whether light flicker could reverse cognitive deficits, and further explore its potential mechanisms in TBI mouse model. Although TBI decreases gamma oscillations and 40 Hz light flicker improves TBI prognosis, the effects and mechanism of rhythmic flicker on TBI remain unclear. The relationship between oscillatory activity in hippocampus and cognitive impairment in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. The treatment at 3 to 10 days harbored the highest risk of poor prognosis patients might benefit more from early intervention for poor prognosis. Our results support the current practice for early aneurysm treatment in poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Postponing treatment in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients may lead to delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis. Adjusted OR for poor prognosis at 3 months was 3.06 (95% CI, 1.27–7.39) for treatment at 3 to 10 days. Adjusted OR of delayed cerebral ischemia for treatment on days 3 to 10 was 2.44 (95% CI, 1.06–5.64) for all patients. Analyses were performed for all patients and were adjusted for baseline characteristics. Logistic regression analysis for delayed cerebral ischemia and poor prognosis at 3 months for the different timing categories, with treatment ≤2 days as reference.

A total of 127 poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were divided into three categories: treatment ≤2 days, on days 3 to 10, and > 10 days after the hemorrhage. Within the Long-term Prognosis of Emergency Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage trial, we assessed differences in the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and clinical prognosis between different timings of treatment. The ideal timing of coiling or clipping for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unknown.